“Elektrikli arabalar dünyamızı kurtaracak!” Bu cümleyi kaç kez duydunuz? Otomobil şirketleri, hükümetler, hatta çevre aktivistleri bile elektrikli arabaları iklim krizine karşı mucizevi bir çözüm olarak sunuyor. Sıfır emisyon! Temiz enerji! Yeşil gelecek!
Ama gerçekten öyle mi? Elektrikli bir araba satın aldığınızda, o arabanın daha galeriden çıkmadan önce bile büyük bir çevresel maliyeti oluyor.
Bu videoda elektrikli arabaların gerçek çevresel etkisini, bilimsel araştırmalarla inceleyeceğiz. Baştan söyleyeyim: Durum göründüğü kadar basit değil. Ve bize satılan hikaye, gerçeğin sadece küçük bir parçası.
KAYNAK LİSTESİ
Batarya Üretimi ve Karbon Ayak İzi
1. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute (2019) – “Lithium-Ion Vehicle Battery Production Status 2019 on Energy Use, CO2 Emissions”
– ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339237011
2. Volvo Cars (2021) – “C40 Recharge Life Cycle Assessment Report”
– https://www.media.volvocars.com/uk/en-gb/media/documentfile/289957
Lityum Madenciliği ve Su Tüketimi
3. Garcés, I., & Alvarez, G. (2020). Water mining and extractivism of the Salar de Atacama, Chile. Environmental Impact V. https://doi.org/10.2495/eid200181
4. Harvard International Review (2020)** – “The Lithium Triangle: Where Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia Meet”
– https://hir.harvard.edu/lithium-triangle/
5. Oxpeckers Centre for Investigative Environmental Journalism (2024) – “Zimbabwe’s lithium liability”
6. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment (2023) – “Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines”
– https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-022-00387-5
7. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment (2024) – “S-LCA of lithium mining in Chile and its potential impacts on water”
– https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11367-024-02378-8
8. Science of The Total Environment (2025) – “Water footprint of battery-grade lithium production in the Salar de Atacama”
– https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652624040848
Kobalt ve Etik Sorunlar
9. Amnesty International (2016) – “This is What We Die For: Human Rights Abuses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Power the Global Trade in Cobalt”
– https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr62/3183/2016/en/
10. OECD (2019) – “Interconnected supply chains: A comprehensive look at due diligence challenges and opportunities sourcing cobalt and copper from the Democratic Republic of the Congo”
- https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/interconnected-supply-chains_576804e7-en.html
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/576804e7-en
11. Environmental Science & Technology (2020) – “Perspectives on Cobalt Supply through 2030 in the Face of Changing Demand”
Elektrik Kaynağı ve Emisyonlar
12. IEA (2023) – “Global EV Outlook 2023”
– https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023
13. TEİAŞ (2023) – Türkiye Elektrik Üretim İstatistikleri
– https://www.teias.gov.tr/turkiye-elektrik-uretim-iletim-istatistikleri
14. ICCT (2021) – “A global comparison of the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of combustion engine and electric passenger cars”
Mikroplastik ve Lastik Aşınması
15. Emissions Analytics (2020) – “Tire Wear Particle Emissions”
– https://www.emissionsanalytics.com/news/pollution-tyre-wear-worse-exhaust-emissions
16. OECD (2020) – “Non-exhaust Particulate Emissions from Road Transport”
Batarya Degradasyon ve Ömür
17. Geotab (2023) – “The State of EV Battery Health”
– https://www.geotab.com/blog/ev-battery-health/
18. NREL – National Renewable Energy Laboratory – “Battery Lifetime Analysis and Simulation Tool”
– https://www.nrel.gov/transportation/blast.html
Geri Dönüşüm ve Atık Yönetimi
19. World Economic Forum (2019) – “A Vision for a Sustainable Battery Value Chain in 2030: Unlocking the Full Potential to Power Sustainable Development and Climate Change Mitigation”
20. Journal of Power Sources (2024) – “Unlocking the value of recycling scrap from Li-ion battery manufacturing”
21. ICCT (2023) – “Will the U.S. EV battery recycling industry be ready for millions of end-of-life batteries?”
Alternatif Çözümler ve Toplu Taşıma
22. UITP (2022) – “Public Transport Statistics Brief”
– https://www.uitp.org/publications/statistics-brief/
23. ITF-OECD – “Urban Mobility System Upgrade”
– https://www.itf-oecd.org/urban-mobility-system-upgrade
24. MIT Climate Portal – “Are electric vehicles definitely better for the climate than gas-powered cars?”
– https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/are-electric-vehicles-definitely-better-climate-gas-powered-cars